Pore Water Pressure

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Pore Water Pressure (PWP) is the product of the uplift defined by the depth of the water table,`h_U`, and the specific weight (or unit weight) of water, `gamma_W`. Generally, PWP is a measure of the pressure of groundwater held within a soil or rock, in gaps between particles (pores), relative to atmospheric pressure. PWP is measured in piezometers (u).

In cases where there is no flow, the pore pressure at depth d below the water surface is: u = g_w d

Water Related Calculators

Underwater Pressure: Computes the added pressure exerted underwater by the water column directly overhead as a function of the density of the water, depth under water, and the acceleration due to gravity.
Pore Water Pressure: Measure of the pressure of groundwater held within a soil or rock, in gaps between particles (pores), relative to atmospheric pressure.
Osmotic Pressure: Computes the osmotic pressure based on the molar concentration of the solution (M), the temperature (T) and the Ideal Gas Constant (R).
Density of water at STP: 998.2071 kg / m³
Density of Deawater: 1,025 kg / m³
Saltwater Intrusion: Uses the Ghyben-Herzberg Relation to compute the depth of fresh water in an aquifer below sea leve based on the depth of fresh water above sea level.
Snow or Water Density: Returns the kilograms per meters cubed (kg/m3) for snow of different types or water at different temperatures per the US Geological Survey (USGS).
Water Density by Temperature: Computes the density of water as a function of temperature, using the standard density of water (ρ) at standard temperature and pressure, and the unique temperature expansion coefficient of water.
Pressure to Water Depth: Computes approximated depth of water where the pressure would occur.
Bernoulli's Equation (Pressure): Uses Bernoulli's equation to compute fluid pressure (p1) based on the fluid velocities, heights and second pressure (p2).
Bernoulli's Equation (Velocity): Uses Bernoulli's equation to compute fluid velocity (v1) based on the pressures, heights and second velocity (v2).
Bernoulli's Equation (Elevation): Uses Bernoulli's equation to compute elevation (h1) based on the pressures, fluid velocitities and second height (h2)
Volume of Water in a Well: Compute the volume of water in a well based on the static water level and the diameter of the well pipe..
Pressure to Water Depth: Computes the height needed to acheive a desired pressure considering the density of liquid (e.g., water).
Pressure Head: Computes the pressure based on the height of Gravity-Fed water from a tank or resevoir.
Underwater Pressure: Computes the added pressure exerted underwater by the water column directly overhead as a function of the density of the water, depth under water, and the acceleration due to gravity.
Heat Load and Water Flow: Computes the ton of heat capacity associated with a volumetric flow of water and a change in temperature.

Plumbing Calculators

Rolling Offsets (Run and Travel) – The Rolling Offset Rolling Offset Lengths Pipe Grading function computes the run and travel length a rolling offset based on the offsets and fittings. (see diagram).
Pipe Grading - Compute the drop needed over a run to maintain a grade (e.g., 4" over 12')
Diagonal of a Square - This is a simple calculation to assist in computing the diagonal of a square.
Diagonal of a Box - This computes the length of the diagonal of a box (T) based on sides of length R, S and U.
Flow Rate - This computes flow rate based on the total volume and the time it took to accumulate.
Pipe Flow Volume - This computes the total volume from a pipe based on the flow rated and the duration of flow.
Weight of Water in a Tank - Computes the weight of water in a cylindrical tank based on the radius and height (or length).
Weight of Water in a Pipe - Computes the weight of water or other substances in a pipe based on the dimension and material density.
Weight of Sea Water in pipe - Computes the weight of sea water in a cylinder based on the radius and height (or length)
Pressure Head - The Potential Gravity-Fed Water Pressure from a Tank (a.k.a. Pressure Head) based on the height of storage.
Pipe Volume - Computes the volume in a pipe.
Pipe Surface Area - Computes the surface area of a pipe.
Pipe Coating Amount - Computes the volume of coating material for a pipe such as paint, polyethylene, polyurethane, zinc, bitumen, FBE or mortar.
Volume of Water in a Tank (e.g. hot water tanks),
Volume of a Spherical Container
Weight of Water in a Spherical Container
Volume of Water in Rectangular Tank
Weight of Water in a Rectangular Tank
Capillary Rise - The height of water in a small tube due to capillary force.
Snow Water Equivalence - The volume of water created by an area and depth of snow.
Pore Water Pressure - Pressure of uplift from the water table.
Pipe Stress Budget - Computes the pressure that a pipe can withstand based on the allowable stress, wall thickness and outside diameter.
Water in Basement Volume: Computes the volume of water in an area such as a basement based on the dimensions and the time required to pump it out based on a sump pump rate.
Paint for Pipes: Computes the amount of paint needed to cover the exterior surface area of one or more pipes based on the pipe diameter, length, number of coats, number of pipes and the recommended area coverage of the paint.
Time to Fill: Computes the amount of time necessary to fill something (e.g., tank or pool) based on the volume and flow rate.
Pipe Insulation Calc: Computes the number of bags of pipe insulation needed for a run of pipes based on the 12' of length per bag and the length of pipe run to be insulated.
Head Height: Computes the head height of liquid needed to achieve a pressure for a liquid (default is water).