Force is a vector quantity that represents a push or pull exerted on an object. Force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (to accelerate), remain at rest, or deform. The force acting on an object is often measured in Newtons (N), and it is described mathematically by Newton's Second Law of Motion, which states:

F = m⋅a

Where:

• F = force vector,
• m = mass of the object,
• a = acceleration of the object.

Forces can result from interactions like:

• Gravitational force (attraction between masses),
• Electromagnetic force (interaction between charged particles) Coulomb's Law.
• Normal force (support force from a surface),
• Frictional force (resistance due to surfaces in contact),
• Tension, compression, and others depending on the nature of the interaction. Hooke's Law

Because force is a vector, it has both magnitude and direction. The net force (sum of all forces) acting on an object determines how it will move.