Soil is the top layer of the Earth's surface that supports plant life. Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air, and serves as the foundation for agriculture, construction, and ecosystems.

Soil Components:

• Minerals – Sand, silt, and clay particles that determine soil texture.
• Organic Matter – Decayed plant and animal material that enriches the soil.
• Water – Provides moisture for plant growth and nutrient transport.
• Air – Oxygen and other gases that support root and microbial life.

Soil Types:

• Sandy Soil – Drains quickly but doesn't retain nutrients well.
• Clay Soil – Holds moisture but can be dense and compacted.
• Silty Soil – Smooth and fertile, but may retain too much water.
• Loamy Soil – A balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay, ideal for gardening.